Memahami Lemak Trans

Apabila mendengar perkataan trans lemak, kebanyakan orang yang mengetahuinya akan berasa gerun kerana jika kita sentiasa mengambil makanan yang mengandungi banyak trans lemak, kemungkinan untuk mendapat sakit jantung atau strok adalah tinggi.

Oleh itu, semasa membeli makanan di pasar/pasaraya, kita perlu membiasakan diri membaca label maklumat nutrisi pada setiap bahan makanan, terutamanya makanan diproses dan diawet, samada dalam bentuk kering atau sejukbeku. Ini termasuklah makanan yang digoreng, majerin, makanan ringan yang mengandungi “partially hydrogented vegetable oils” seperti cookies and crackers. Disarankan pengambilan minyak trans tidak melebihi 1% daripada jumlah kalori yang diambil (lebih kurang 2g sahaja) atau sebaik-baiknya elakkan terus.

Bagi yang kurang pasti apa yang dimaksudkan dengan lemak trans yang bahaya ini, artikel berikut menerangkannya dengan lebih terperinci ….. selamat membaca dan mengamalkan apa yang disarankan, iaitu menghindari pengambilan lemak trans yang banyak dalam makanan seharian kita.

Understanding Trans Fats

Reviewed by John A. Seibel, MD

Trans fats seemed like such a good thing once, enhancing the flavor, texture, and shelf life of many processed foods — from cookies to frozen pizza. Unfortunately, they come with a health risk. Trans fatty foods tantalize your taste buds, then travel through your digestive system to your arteries, where they turn to sludge.

Small amounts of trans fats occur naturally in beef, lamb, and full-fat dairy products. But most come from processing liquid vegetable oil to become solid fat.

As of Jan. 1, 2006, food manufacturers have been required by the FDA to list trans fats on food labels. Health-conscious shopping became a lot easier, but there’s more to it than buying products that boast “0 Trans Fats!”

Recommended Limits of Trans Fats

Like saturated fats, trans fats raise LDL “bad” cholesterol and increase the risk of heart disease. But unlike saturated fats, trans fats lower HDL “good” cholesterol and may do more damage, says the American Heart Association (AHA). The AHA advises limiting saturated fat consumption to less than 7% of daily calories and trans fat consumption to less than 1%. Given that a gram of fat has 9 calories, the following are the recommended trans fat limits based on calorie intake:

Total calories 1% of total calories = Trans fat limit

2,000 20 About 2 grams

1,500 15 About 1.5 grams

1,200 12 Slightly more than 1 gram

Trans Fats and Foods to Watch Out For

The FDA label ruling and consumer awareness of the dangers of trans fats have led many food manufacturers to reformulate products to reduce or eliminate trans fats. Today you can buy cookies and soft-spread margarine with zero trans fats. But trans fats still exist in some products. Carefully read nutrition labels on foods in these categories. Chose brands that don’t use trans fats and are low in saturated fat in these products:

cookies, crackers, cakes, muffins, pie crusts, pizza dough, and breads such as hamburger bunssome stick margarine and vegetable shorteningpre-mixed cake mixes, pancake mixes, and chocolate drink mixesfried foods, including donuts, French fries, chicken nuggets, and hard taco shellssnack foods, including chips, candy, and packaged or microwave popcorn

frozen dinners

The Meaning of Zero Trans Fat

Reach for the product whose label shouts “0 Trans Fats!” and what do you get? Maybe some trans fats. That’s because the FDA allows that label on anything with 0.5 grams of trans fat per serving.

As a result, keep in mind this advice:

1. Even if you’re a conscientious shopper, it’s easy to ingest a significant amount of trans fats without knowing it. A bowl of “trans-fat-free” cereal (that actually contains half a gram) plus a slice of birthday cake at the office and some microwave popcorn in the evening add up quickly.

2. Get in the habit of reading nutrition labels, the ones headed “Nutrition Facts.” Look at all the fats listed there. Keep in mind that saturated fat is also unhealthy. If the label lists Trans Fat as 0 g, look at the Ingredients List for the words “partially hydrogenated.” Any oil that is partially hydrogenated is a trans fat. So a single serving of cookies could have as much as a half gram of trans fat and be labeled “0 TransFats.” Be aware, too, that often a “single serving” is often less than an average person would eat.

Bottom line: When choosing foods with “0 grams trans fats,” evaluate the total fat content including the amount of saturated fat. Choose foods that have the least amount of saturated fat and that use healthy fats such as canola oil in the product.

Here are some examples from the Nutrition Facts on food labels:

Food Trans fats in a single serving

Cake mix 0.5 g

Frozen chicken and noodles 0.5 g

Blueberry muffin mix 1.5 g

Refrigerated crescent rolls 1.5 g

Stick margarine (1T) 1.5 g

Frozen beef pot pie 2 g

Microwave popcorn 6 g

The following are some examples of foods that list 0 g trans fats but contain partially hydrogenated oils, such as soybean or cottonseed oil:

Corn muffin mixPizzaStoned wheat thin crackers

Cookies, including some cartoon-licensed brands

The Costs of Trans Fat-Free Products

Budget-conscious shoppers might be tempted to buy the cheapest brand of pastry, pot pie, or microwave popcorn. But don’t make that decision at the expense of nutrition. Reformulating foods to reduce or eliminate trans fats costs manufacturers money. Some “0 trans fats” foods may cost more, although not all do. Again, be sure to read the nutrition label carefully so you know if you’re buying a healthier version of the snack, cookie, cracker, or cake.

There’s also concern that some food processors will remove trans fats only to substitute low-cost saturated fats — another contributor to heart disease. But a 2006 marketplace survey published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association showed that had not occurred except in one category: microwave popcorn.

Better Alternatives in Snack Food

While the FDA’s labeling rule has made consumers aware of a hidden danger and has motivated food manufacturers to reduce or eliminate trans fats, health experts say even the reformulated snack food products rarely deliver good nutrition. Most are loaded with empty calories and should be avoided anyway.

The AHA advocates a diet containing a variety of fruits, vegetables, and grains, especially whole-grain products; fat-free and low-fat dairy products; legumes, poultry, and lean meats; and fish, preferably oily fish like salmon, at least twice a week.

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